UNIDIR held a two-day regional consultative meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, which benefited from the participation of representatives from seven African States, namely: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mauritius, Somalia, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania. Experts from specialized organizations such as Conflict Armament Research, the International Peace Support Training Centre (IPSTC) and the Regional Centre on Small Arms in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States (RECSA) also participated in the meeting. The overall guiding question for this regional consultative meeting was: “How can States enhance shared understandings and cooperation to strengthen their national end use/r control systems in a practical manner in order to mitigate the risk of diversion to unauthorized end users and/or end uses?” The meeting included presentations by national experts on their end use/r control systems as well as a discussion on the challenges and opportunities for enhancing cooperation and strengthening end use/r systems at the sub/regional and global levels. At the end of the meeting, several options and avenues for ways forward were identified.