This regional workshop on enhancing national and international data collection and analysis efforts to monitor illicit firearms trafficking flows was organized by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Global Firearms Programme (GFP) in Addis Ababa on 28-29 September, 2017. The workshop aimed at promoting effective international cooperation and information exchange among practitioners and enhance cooperation between African countries to fight organised crimes linked to firearms trafficking. The workshop was attended by more than sixty representatives from countries in all African subregions, including from Libya and Tunisia, and was supported by experts from UNODC, subregional organizations such as the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), as well as other non-governmental organizations and research institutions including Conflict Armament Research, the Institute for Security Studies and Small Arms Survey. The workshop provided an opportunity for the participants to discuss the UNODC updated data collection methodology for seized, found and surrendered firearms, and the upcoming pilot data collection exercise. They highlighted challenges in data collection and monitoring illicit trafficking flows, potential opportunities for improvement, and existing tools to monitor the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal target 16.4. The regional workshop therefore aimed to support the evidence-based policy development and programming approaches of the African Union's African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) for 2016-2020 as well as the Silencing the Gun roadmap.