As part of the project on 'Supporting EU-China-Africa Dialogue on Conventional Arms Control' the Expert Working Group held a seminar bringing together more than 60 senior international arms control officials and experts, Chinese officials, scholars and think tanks, as well as diplomats and representatives from international organisations based in Beijing. Participants exchanged views on the need to refocus SALW intervention on impact and to consolidate joint efforts, by China, the EU and the international community as a whole, to tackle illicit SALW circulation on the African continent. The seminar analyzed the importance of regional initiatives in Africa and common challenges in implementing regional disarmament instruments. The analysis was followed by two case studies from Kenya and South Sudan to reflect the linkages between broader global/regional/national policies and local initiatives.